- Blocking and substitution – ignoring regular patterns and substituting with
irregular patterns - Decoding – ability to apply knowledge of letter-sound relationships, patterns to correctly pronounce written words
- Encoding – break a spoken word into separate sounds and phonetically spell
the word - Fixations – stopping for certain periods of time
- Lexicon – words used in a language
- Long-Term Storage – retrieves information and moves it into working memory where it enhances the acquisition of the new learning.
- Morphemes – prefixes, suffixes, and base word
- Morphology – component of grammar that builds words out of pieces
- Nonwords – meaningless letter strings
- Orthography – the rules of spelling that govern a language
- Shallow Orthography – very close correspondence between letters and the sounds the represent
- Deep Orthography – poor correspondence between how a word is pronounced and how it is spelled
- Phonemes – Units of sound
- Phonemic – relating to phonemes
- Phonemic Awareness– is a subdivision of phonological awareness and refers to the understanding that words are made up of individual sounds, and that these sounds can be manipulated to create new words
- Phonological – Sound structure; study of the distribution and patterning of
speech sounds in languages - Phonological Awareness– is the recognition that oral language can be divided into smaller components
- Phonologic Memory – the ability to retain verbal bits of information
- Plasticity – the brain’s ability to adapt to significant changes in its environment
- Regressions – readers move their eyes backwards about 10 to 15 percent of the time in order to reread material
- Syntax – form phrases and sentences with meaning; rules and word order;
structure - Semantics – difference in meaning between the sentences; making meaning –
see page 20 - Working Memory – is the second temporary memory and the place where conscious, rather than subconscious, processing occurs
